Chapter One Gaddis/ The Return of Fear

• April 25th, 1945/ first meeting of the armies that cut the Nazi Army is half
• Tehran in Nov. 1943
• Yalta in Feb. 1945
• Victory would require the victors to not be who they are, or to give up much of what they hoped to attain by fighting in the war
• U.S. and Soviet Union= born out of revolution. Leaders assumed that the tactics used at home would work anywhere. NOT ALWAYS!!
• Also both had entered the war as results of surprise attacks. German invasion of the Soviet Union which began on June 22nd, 1941 and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.
• Roosevelt promised Stalin (at Tehran) that two years after the end of the war, the U.S. troops would return home
• Stalin's post-war goals were security for himself, his regime, his country and his ideology
• Great Depression=very destructive
• Stalin doesnt want to restore balance of power in Europe but to dominate it
• Germanys defeat was the first priority
• United States maintained a large sphere of influence
• U.S. to serve as an example
• American practices were isolationists
• Roosevelt had 4 great wartime priorities: Sustain allies, secure allied cooperation in shaping the post-war settlement, nature of the settlement, the settlement would have to be sellable to the American people
• British priorities (according to Churchill): to survive at all costs
• Spheres of influence
• 1939 Nazi-Soviet Pact: extinguished Polish independence
• Germany would be jointly occupied
• France would have 2/3 of Germany
• United States successfully tested its first atomic bomb in July 1945
• The atomic bomb was creating more Soviet-American distrust
• Manhattan Project
• Potsdam Conference
• Everyone saw the bomb as a means to end the war quickly
• Long Telegram- Feb. 22nd, 1946