Chapter 4 Gadds Notes/ The Emergence of Autonomy

• Krushchev was accused of many things


• He was then allowed a smooth transistion to retirement


• Downfall of European colonialism


• 1905=Japanese win against Russia


• One of Wilson's 14 points was to undercut the appeal of the Bolsheviks


• Collapse of colonialism coincided with the beginning of the Cold War


• By the end of 1949, the Soviet-American contest for Europe had become a stalemate


• 1954/ Eisenhower's speech (Domino Theory)
• "Non-alignment"- Commit to neither side of the Cold War but to leave open the possibility of commitment/ Smaller superpowers could threaten with other ones
• 1956 Hungarian Crisis
• Tito aligned himself with two other leaders: Jawaharlal Nehru of India and Zhou Enlai of China
• Central Treaty Organization (CENTO)
• Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO)
• The First Conference of "Non-aligned" nations was held at Bandung in Indonesia, in April 1955; its purpose was to encourage neutrality in the Cold War. Nehru, Tito, and Enlai were there, Nasser was invited too
• Anglo-French-Israeli invasion took place at the end of October 1956
• Eisenhower in January 1957 announced that the U.S. would work with the states of the region to help keep it free of communism
• Landing of Marines in Lebanon in July 1958=FAIL
• Many tools that small powers could use in order to gain autonomy: including non-alignment and collapse
• Kim Il-Sung building a cult of personality around himself, just as Stalin did
• Mao began shelling off-shore islands in Setember 1954
• Chiang got a mutual defense treaty that bound the U.S. to defending Taiwan
• Quemoy and Matsu
• South Viatnamese president was murdered in early November 1963. Kennedy was assassinated three weeks later
• Early attempts to solve Cold War tensions failed because smaller powers actions locked the larger powers into confrontation
• Krushchev issued an ultimatum on Berlin in November 1958
• De Gaulle
• De Gaulle recognized China in 1964
• North Atlantic Treaty of 1949
• Sino-Soviet Treaty of 1950

MORE annotations in book :)